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When considering a drug testing program, the first question to ask is, "Am I required to drug test some or all of my employees?"  If not, then ask, "Are there other reasons I should consider drug testing?"  Below are some of the most frequent reasons employers give for having a drug testing program:

To comply with Federal regulations, e.g., the Department of Transportation, Department of Defense, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Energy
To comply with customer or contact requirements
To comply with insurance carrier requirements
To match other employer efforts, and to minimize the chance of hiring employees who may later be users or abusers
To reinforce the company position on "no drug use"
To identify current users and abusers and refer them for assistance
To establish grounds for discipline or firing
To improve safety
To convince "casual users" that the cost of using is too high
To deter "recreational" drug use that could lead to addiction
To reduce the costs of alcohol and other drug abuse in the workplace

To give recovering users another reason to stay sober (relapse prevention)


Source:
Making Your Workplace Drug Free: A Kit For Employers, Employer Tip Sheet #9, Drug Testing, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)